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Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed using:
Diabetic hemoglobin test (A1C). This blood test refers to the average level of blood sugar during the last two or three months. Natural levels are less than 5.7 percent, the result between 5.7 and 6.4 percent is considered diabetes. The A1C level of 6.5 percent or more in two separate tests means you have diabetes.
If the A1C test is not available, or if you have certain conditions, such as an unusual form of hemoglobin (known as the hemoglobin variable), that interfere with the A1C test, your doctor may use the following tests to diagnose diabetes:
Random blood sugar test. Blood glucose values are expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg / dl) or millimeters per liter (mmol / L). No matter what time you ate the last time, a blood sample that shows that your blood sugar level is 200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L) or more indicates diabetes, especially if you also have signs and symptoms of diabetes , like frequent urination and Serious thirst
Fasting blood sugar test. A blood sample is taken after fasting during the night. The reading of less than 100 mg / dL (5.6 mmol / L) is normal. The level is from 100 to 125 mg / dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol / L) of diabetes.
If your blood sugar level is 126 mg / dL (7 mmol / L) or more in two separate tests, you have diabetes.
Oral glucose tolerance test. This test is used less often than others, except during pregnancy. You should fast during the night and then drink sugary liquids in the doctor's office. Blood sugar levels are analyzed periodically during the next two hours.
Blood sugar level less than 140 mg / dL (7.8 mmol / L) is normal. The reading between 140 and 199 mg / dL (7.8 mmol / L and 11.0 mmol / L) refers to pre-diabetes. The reading of 200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L) or more after two hours indicates diabetes.
The American Diabetes Association recommends routine screening for type 2 diabetes from age 45, especially if you are overweight. If the results are normal, repeat the test every three years. If the results are in the limit, ask your doctor when to return for another test.
It is also recommended for people over 45 who are overweight if there are other risk factors for heart disease or diabetes, such as a sedentary lifestyle, a family history of type 2 diabetes, a personal history of diabetes during pregnancy or stress. The blood is above 140/90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
If you have diabetes, your doctor may perform other tests to distinguish between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, since the conditions often require different treatments.
After the diagnosis
A1C levels should be checked two to four times a year. Discuss your objective A1C goal with your doctor, as it may vary according to your age and other factors. For most people, the American Diabetes Association recommends an A1C level of less than 7 percent.
High A1C may indicate the need for a change in medication, meal plan or activity level.
In addition to the A1C test, your doctor will measure your blood pressure and take blood and urine samples periodically to check cholesterol levels, thyroid function, liver function, and kidney function. Regular tests of the eyes and feet are also important.
Treatment or treatment
The management of type 2 diabetes includes:
Weightloss
Eat Healthy
Regular exercise
Perhaps, medications for diabetes or insulin therapy.
Control of blood sugar
These steps will help keep your blood sugar level closer than normal, which may delay or prevent complications.
Weightloss
Lower Calories
Less refined carbohydrates, especially sweets.
Fewer foods that contain saturated fats.
More vegetables and fruits.
More foods with fiber.